Do NOT follow suggestions which conflict with current advice from CLEAPSS, SSERC or other recent safety guides. Whilst this list provides a source of information and ideas for experimental work, it is important to note that recommendations can date very quickly. They then need to be able to describe and explain the remaining steps, in terms of the link reaction, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. Students need to be able to explain the process of glycolysis, with the resulting production of ATP and reduced NAD. ATP synthesis is associated with the electron transfer chain in the membranes of mitochondria. In cellular respiration, glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and the remaining steps in the mitochondria. This topic often proves very challenging for students and they can easily become confused, making simple mistakes such as pigments absorb light rather than absord light energy. Students should know in detail the chemical process of photosynthesis. In photosynthesis energy is transferred to ATP in the light-dependent stage and the ATP is utilised during synthesis in the light-independent stage. A level biologists need to know the structure of ATP, its uses and its role in biological processes. Energy is transferred from molecules such as glucose, to an intermediate energy source, ATP.ĪTP is a reservoir of potential chemical energy and acts as a common intermediate in metabolism, linking energy requiring and energy yielding reactions. ATP is an important source of energy for biological processes. Energy for biological processes - ATP, photosynthesis and respirationĪll organisms need energy.
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